.:: Third Year B. Pharm ::.
Syllabus, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

* Marks includes sessional marks, 20% in each theory and practical)

3.1 Pharmaceutical  Microbiology

1.  Introduction to the science of microbiology Ancient theories concerning the origin of life   contribution of great scientists to this science.          

2.  Study of structure of bacterial cells,

3.  Microscopy:

Microscopes, their magnification, resolution, illumination and filters, working of different types  of microscopes, micrometry, Electron Microscopy.

4.  Identification of microbes, stains and types of staining techniques.

     Systematic studies of few  selected organism.

5.  Classification of microbes and their taxonomy : actionomycetes , bacterial, protozoa, fungi, ricketssia, spirochetes  and viruses.

6.  Nutrition, cultivation isolation  and identification of bacteria, actionomycetes,  fungi , viruses,               etc.                                                                       

7.  Microbial genetics and variation.                                      

8.  Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ,

Genetic recombination: Transformations, Conjugation, Protoplast fusion and gene cloning and their applications. Development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies.

9.  Bacterial enzymes.                 

10. Control of microbes by physical  and chemical methods of sterilization.                

11. Disinfections, factors influencing disinfections, dynamics of disinfections, disinfectants and         antiseptics and their evaluation.                                            

12. Sterilization, different methods, validation of sterilization methods and equipments.

13. Sterility testing of all Pharmaceutical Products.                            

14. Microorganisms in human diseases. Microbial attack  and host defense: virulence and                

     Pathogen city, Primary and specific defensive mechanisms of body , infection and its 

               transmission, interferon's.

15. Microbial standardization of antibiotics Vitamins, Amino acids etc.

16. Environmental Microbiology       

Aquatic Microbiology, Microbiology of domestic and waste water, Microbiology of food.

3.1             Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical –                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

·                                 Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media

·                                 Sub culturing of common aerobic and  anaerobic  bacteria, fungus, and yeast,

·                                 Various staining  methods, various methods of isolation and identification of microbes,

·                                 Sterilizing techniques and their validation,

·                                 Evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants,

·                                 Testing the sterility of pharmaceutical  products as per IP requirements,

·                                 Microbial assay of antibiotics and Vitamins etc. and

·                                 Demonstration of laboratory fermentor and

·                                 Others to illustrate the topics included in theory.

List of books recommended:

1.  Daan J. A. Crommedin Robert &  Sindilar

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2/e

2.  Russell-Principles and Practice of Disinfections, Preservation and Sterilization 3/e, 1999

3.  Brooks-Medical Microbiology  22e. 2001

4.  W. Thompson, Bioassay techniques for Drug Developments

5.  Hughes and Anderson 's, Antibiotics Development and Resistance

6.  Stephen Denyer Rosemund Baird:        

Guide to Microbiological Control In Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices.

7.  Pharmaceutical Microbiology Sixth Edition

     Edited by W. B. Hugo and A. D. Rusell, Backwell  Science.

8.  Principles of Microbiology

     Ronald. M. Atlas, Second Edition. Wm. C. Brown Publishers

9.  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

     Williams and Wilkins-A Waverly Company

3.2 DISPENSING, COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY

1.                  Definition and scope.

2.                  The prescription : Handling of prescription, source of errors in prescription, care required in dispensing procedures including labeling at dispensed products.

3.                  Dispensing techniques : Compounding and dispensing procedures, packaging, storage and stability of medicines, labeling of dispensed product.

4.                  Pharmaceutical calculations : Posology : Calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly patients, enlarging and reducing recipes, percentage solutions, allegation, alcohol dilution, proof spirit, isotonic solutions, displacement value etc.

5.                  Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispension of  Mixtures, solutions, emulsions, external preparations, suppositories & pessaries, powders and granules, oral unit dosage forms, inhalations.

6.                  Incompatibilities : Physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities observed in prescriptions of above products :

-                                 Identification and correction of incompatibilities.

-                                 Inorganic incompatibilities including incompatibility of metals and their salts, non metals, acids, alkalis.

-                                 Organic incompatibilities : purine bases, alkaloids, ammonium compounds, carbohydrates, glycosides, anaesthetics, surface active agents.

7.                  Community Pharmacy :

-                                 Organisation and structure of retail and wholesale drug-store, types of drug store and design, legal requirements for establishment, maintenance of drug store, dispensing of proprietary products, maintanence of records of retail and wholesale.

-                                 Patient counselling.

-                                 Role and contribution of pharmacist in community health care and education.

8.                  Hospital Pharmacy :

a)                                         Organisation and structure : Organisation of hospital and hospital pharmacy, responsibility of hospital pharmacist, pharmacy and therapeutic committee, budget preparations and implementation.

b)                                         Hospital formulary : contents, preparation and revision of hospital formulary.

c)                                         Drug store management and inventory control.

-                                 Organistation of drug store, types of material stocked, storage conditions.

-                                 Purchase and inventory control – principles purchase procedures – purchase orders – procurement and stocking.

d)                                         Drug distribution system in hospitals.

-                                 Outpatient dispensing – methods adopted.

-                                 Inpatient dispensing – methods adopted

-                                 Ambulatory patient dispensing – methods adopted.

-                                 Dispensing of controlled drugs.

e)                                         Central sterile supply unit and their management. Types of materials for sterilization, packing of materials prefer to sterilization, sterilization equipments, supply of sterile materials.

f)                                           Manufacture of sterile and non sterile products. Policy making of manufacturable items, demand and costing, personnel requirements, manufacturing practice, master formula card, production control, manufacturing records.

g)                                         Drug information services : Sources of information on drugs, disease treatment schedules, procurement of information, computerized services, retrieval of information, medication error.

h)                                         Records and reports : Prescription filling, drug profile, patient medication profile, cases on drug interaction and adverse reactions, idiosyncratic cases etc.

PRACTICALS

1.                                          Dispensing of prescription falling under the categories : Mixtures, solutions, emulsions, external preparations, powders, suppositories, oral unit dosage forms, inhalations.

2.                                          Dispensing procedures involving pharmaceuticals calculations, pricing of prescriptions and dosage calculations for paediatric and geriatric patients.

3.                                          Dispensing of prescriptions involving adjustment of tonicity.

4.                                          Identification of various types of incompatibilities in prescription, correction and dispensing.

5.                                          Categorisation and storage of pharmaceutical products based on legal requirements of labelling and storage.

6.                                          Experiments based on sterilization of various types of materials used in hospitals.

7.                                          Practicals designed on the use of computer ind rug information centre, prescription filling, documentation of information on drug interaction.

8.                                          Project report on visit of the near by community for counseling on the rational use of drugs and aspects of health care.

Books Recomanded:

1.      "Dispensing for Pharmaceutical students" by Cooper and Gunn By S.J. carter, 12Th Edn. CBS Publishers.

2.      "Pharmceutical Dosage form and Drug delivery system" by Howard C. Ansel By Lippincot Williams & Wilkins.

3.      "Pharmaceutical Calculations " by Mitchell J. Stoklosa and Howard C. Ansel By B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4.      "Pharmaceutical Practice' Edited by A.J. Winfield& R.M.E. Richards.

5.      "Hospital Pharmacy" by William E Hassan, Henry Kimpton Publisher, London.

6.      "Hospital Organisation and Management by Kurt Dan 7 Jonathan S. Ratich, 4 th Edn. CBS Publishers.

7.      "Remington: The science and Practice of Pharmacy" Latest Edn., By Mack Publishing companhy.

8.      " Drug and Cosmetic Act. And Ruless" by Vijay Malik.

9.      " Pharmaceutical Practice" By Diana M. Collett and Michale E. Aulton ELBS Publishers.

10.  "Dispensing Pharmacy(Pharmaceutics-II)" By Dr. G.K. Jani, B.S. Shah Publication.

11. “Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy” By Dr. R.K. Goyal and R.K. Pari, B.S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad

3.3                  MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I                                   4  LECTURES / WEEK

THEORY

1.  HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND

           Chemistry , preparations and properties of some important heterocyclic     

      containing Five and six atoms with one or more hetero atoms like O , N , and S   

      (Mono and bicyclic compounds).

2.  BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

       Physico – chemical aspects of drug molecules in relation to biological action.Drug         

        receptor interaction including transduction .

3.  Synthetic procedure of selected drug, mode of action (mechanism of action), uses   

      structure activity relationship including physico chemical properties of following  

       classes of drug.

A.                 Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system

(1)              Cholinergic and antycholinesterases

(2)               Adrenergic drugs

(3)               Antispasmodic and antiulcer drugs

(4)               Neuromuscular blocking agents

B.                  Autocoids

(1)              Antihistaminics

(2)               Eicosanoids

(3)               Analgesic , antipyretics, anti inflammatory (non steroidal) agents

C.                 Drugs acting on central nervous system

(1)              General anaesthetics

(2)              Local anaesthetics

(3)               Hypnotics and sedatives

(4)              Opioid analgesics

(5)              Anticonvulsants

(6)              Anti-tussive

(7)              Antipsychotics, anxiolytics, anti depressants

(8)               Anti parkinsonism drugs

(9)              CNS stimulants

D.                 Diagnostic agents

E.                  Pharmaceutical aids

PRACTICAL   - 3HOURS / WEEK

1.Synthesis of selected drug from the course content.

2. spectral anlysis of the drug synthesized.
3. Workshop on stereo model use of some selected drugs.

4. Establishing the pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesized

5. Organic spotting of binary mixtures with derivative preparations and TLC

BOOKS RECOMMENDED : -

1.                  Wilson and Gisvold`s Text Book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Edited by J.N. Delgado and William A. Remers , J.B. Lippincott Company Philadelphia .

2.                  Principles of Medicinal Chemistry by W.C. Foye, Lea and Febiger Philadelphia.

3.                  Bergers Medicinal Chemistry – H.E. Wolf , Jhon Wiley and Sons New York

Oxford Univwrsity Press, Oxford .

4.                  The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis Volume 1-6 by Deniel Lednocer , John     

       Wiley and  sons, Inc. New York .

5.                  Pharmaceutical Substances Synthesis (two parts) ,patents, applications by A.

       Kleemann, J.Engel  by Thieme Stuttgart New York .

6.                  Organic Chemistry volume 1 & 2  by I.L. Finar publishers ELBS/Longman london .

7.                  Principles of Medicinal Chemistry  by Dr. S. S. Kadam, K.G. Bothara , Nirali Prakashan Pune .

8.                  Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Harkishan Singh, V.K.Kapoor by Vallabh Prakashan New Delhi .

9.                  Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition by H.N. Ladu, H. G. Mandal and E.L. Way   Williams and Wi;kins Co. Baltimore.

10.              Vogale`s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry , ELBS / Longman , London.

11.              Practical Organic Chemistry BY Mann and Saunder. Orient Longman , UK .

12.              The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds byshriner, Hermann,Morrill, Curtin & Fuson, John Wiley and sons , USA.

13.              An Introduction To The Chemistry Of heterocyclic Compounds by R.M. Acheson

Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi .

14.              Spectrometric identification Of Organic Compounds by R. M. Silverstein, G.    

Claytorn Bassel`s. T.C. Mivvill. John wiley & sons USA .